Carburetor



' Dec. 11, 1935. c. F. HOYT 2,024,645

CARBURETOR Filed April 11, 1934 35 3 v afwmflHwh Patented Dec. 17, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARBURETOR Cornelius F. Hoyt, Rochester, N. Y.

Application April 11, 1934, Serial No. 720,085

13 Claims. (01. 219-38) The object of this invention is to provide a carburetor with electricallyheated spray nozzles therein that are adapted to heat the fuel of the carburetor as it passes through the nozzles to the intake manifold.

Another object of the invention is to provide a carburetor with spray nozzles therein that are adapted to be heated by an electric current that is controlled by a rheostat', which in turn is operated by a thermostat on the exhaust manifold.

Another object of the invention is to provide electrically heated coils inside of the spray nozzles of a carburetor, by which the fuel is heated directly as it passes through the nozzles to the intake manifold.

Another object of the invention is to preheat the fuel oil before entering the carburetor, by leading the fuel line from the supply tank through a heating chamber on the exhaust manifold of the engine.

These and other objects of the invention will be illustrated in the drawing, described in the specification, and pointed out in the claims at the end thereof.

In the drawing:

Figure l is a side elevation of the engine, together with the manifold, carburetor, and parts associated therewith.

Figure 2 is a section on the line 2x--2a: of Figure 3, showing the combined 'rheostat and thermostat.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of the rheostat, as viewed from the right in Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an elevation of the thermostat, as viewed from the left in Figure 2.

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of a so-called Zenith carburetor, showing the spray nozzles therein.

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the spray nozzles, showing the heating coilstherein.

Figure 7 is a section on the line l:r'l:v of Figure 1, showing the exhaust'manifold in section and the end of the heating chamber in elevation.

In the drawing like reference numerals indicate like parts. I

In the drawing reference numeral I indicates an automobile engine having an intake manifold 2 thereon to which is attached the carburetor 3. The carburetor 3 is of the so-called Zenith type and is adapted to mix air and fuel oil, or air, fuel oil and gasoline, or air and gasoline. The carburetor 3 has two tapered spray nozzles 4 and 5 therein that are more or less selectively operated, one for low speeds and the other for high speeds. In'side of the spray nozzles 4 and 5 are provided the helical resistance coils 6 and 1 that heat up upon the flow of electric current therethrough. The helical resistance coils 6 and l are in the direct path of the fuel as it 5 passes from. the carburetor 3, and are adapted to heat the fuel directly, and cause the fuel to vaporize more readily as it passes from the carburetor 3 to the intake manifold 2 on its way tothe cylinders. The upper ends of the helical 10 resistance coils 6 and l are connected to each other, as shown in Figure 6, and'the electrical current coming from the wire 8 is adapted to flow up through the coil 6, to the coil ,1, and then down through the coil 1, where it is 5 grounded on, the spray nozzle 5. The helical coils are insulated from the spray nozzles 4 and 5 by the tapered sleeves 9 and I0, which are preferably made of mica.

The wire 8 and the wire that connects the 0 helical resistance coils at the top are insulated from the spray nozzles 4 and 5 by a cement filler II that not only insulates the wires from the spray nozzles, but also forms an air-tight joint between the spray nozzles and the wires.

To control the flow of current to the helical resistance coils 6 and l, I provide the rheostat I2 operated by a thermostat l3 provided in a casing I that is suitably attached to the exhaust manifold i5.

As shown in Figure 2, the casing l4 containing the thermostat I3 is open at one. end, which end is adapted to be fastened to the exhaust manifold IS with the thermostat exposed to the exhaust manifold. As the exhaust manifold heats up, it also heats up the thermostat l3, causing the thermostat to expandand turn the shaft I6, which extends through the casing and has a fibre arm H at the other end thereof that is fastened to the shaft l6 by a set screw IS. The arm I1 is angularly adjustable on the shaft l6 by the set screw l8, which permits the setting of the arm I l on, the shaft IE to the correct angular position with reference to the thermostat. Another arm I9 is mounted on the shaft I6 and insulated therefrom, which makes engagement at one end with the resistance coil 20 of the rheostat. This arm l9 can move freely on the shaft l6 independent of the movement of the shaft 5, as will be more fully described hereinafterw The arm H has a tension spring 2| attached thereto that pulls one end of the arm downward, and causes the opposite end of the arm to normally engage the stop 22 on the arm H. The

arm I1, which moves with the shaft l6, that is controlled by the thermostat I3, controls the position of the arm I9 and regulates the amount of electrical current that passes to the helical resistance coils 6 and 1. The movements of the arms I1 and H! are limited by the pins 23 and 24 provided on the rheostat 12;

To operate the engine more eiiiciently at high speeds and permit the rheostat i2 to supply a more generous supply of electrical current to the helical resistance coilsG and ,7 regardless of the temperature of the exhaust manifold'iS, I provide the following arrangement: Attached to the 4 arm I 9 is a link or rod 25 having an eye at the v lower end, through which thefacceleratorrod 26 passes.

enter the engine, the collar 21 willengage the,

spring 29 that is placed betweenthe link 25 andv collar 21 and cause the spring to compress,

slightly and move the link 25 downward, throwing the end of the arm-1,9 thatis engaged by the,

link 25 upward, and moving the end that en g 1 'm gages the resistance coil 2!! downward'or to the left as shown in Figure I. The arm, will. remain'in the position that is determined by the thermostat, and when the accelerator rod 26 is raised to a position in which the collar 21 no.

longer engages the spring 29, the tension spring 2i will immediately draw the end of the arm [9 that is engaged by the link 25 downward, andv cause the end that engagesltha resistance. coil 20 to move upward until it engages the stop 22 on he arm I1, and the arm l9 will againbe controlled by the position of the arm l'l that is controlled by the thermostat.

On top of the exhaust manifold 15 is placed a passes through the heating chamber 30 and makes contact with the exhaust manifoldas it passes therethrough' When the engine is running on fuel oil, the opening in the end of the heating chamber will be closed by the valve and the heat from the exhaust manifold I5 will heat the air in the heating chamber and the fuel that.

is passing through the fuel line in'the heating chamber 30 will not only be heated by the exhaust manifold, but also by the hot air surrounding the fuel line 35. When the engine isrunning on gasoline it is preferable to have the opening 3| open to permit coolair to circulate, around the fuel line in the heating chamber to prevent the gasoline from becoming vaporous before it reaches the carburetor. I

In operation, before the engine startsand when the parts are-cold, thethermostatha's' caused the arms I! and ii! to engage the stop 23. The carburetor is filled with the desired'fuel. The ignition switch 35 is closed; which permits the electrical current of thebattery 31 to flow to the arm I9 through the resistancecoil 20, the.

wire 8, and the helical resistance coils Band I, which causes the coils to heat up. The engine is then turned over, drawing in a-charge heated by the resistance coils 6 and l, which charge will explode and drive the engine. The coils 6 The accelerator rod 26 has a collar 21 thereon that isffastened,to'theaccelerator and I remain fully heated up until the exhaust manifold becomes heated. The thermostat l3 then becomes heated and moves the arm I! to the right, as shown in Figure l, permitting the arm 19 to move also to the right, building up a greater resistancein the resistance coil 20 as itmoves to theright, and allowing a correspondingly smaller amount of electrical current to flow to the helical resistance coils 6 and I, which "reduces'the amount of heat generated by the helical resistance coils 6 and 1.

The further the arm .iaimov'es to-the right, the less heat the resistance coils 6, and I will generate.

I claim: 1 l. .A carburetor for an internal combustion engine,.having a spray nozzle therein, said nozzle consisting-0f a single tube through which the liquid. -fuel passes; acoil of resistance wire placed nosed between the. outside of said coil of wire and the inside of said-tube, a rheostat adapted to controllthe flowloi' electric current through said resistance wire in ,saidtube, a thermostat conncctingntQ-saidrhcq'statby which said rheostat 1' 2. 'A carbureton'lfor an internal combustion eninahav'ing'aspray nozzle therein, said nozzle h'avinga passageway for liquid fuel therein, a

ccillofresistance wire submerged in the liquid fuel in said passageway and makingdirect contact with and heating thefuel therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current through said resistance wire in said spray nozzle, a; thermostat connected to Said rheostat by which said rheostat is normally operated, means for manually operating said rheostat independently of saidthermostat,

-3. Acarburctor, for an internal combustion engine, having spray nozzles therein said nozzles having a passageway for liquid fuel therein. a heating element located in said passageway for heating. the liquid fuel therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current 4. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, havingspray nozzles therein, said nozzles having a passageway for liquid fuel therein, a heating element located in said passageway for heating theliquid'i'uel therein. a rheostat adapted to control How of electrical current to said heating element in said spray nozzles, said rheostat comprisinga body5a resistance coil on c end thereof, a spring fastened to the other end of said'last'naimed arm, said spring being adapted to cause said freely rotatable arm to normally engage the stop on said first named arm and inove with sa'id first named arm, a thermostat on the 'other'end of said shaft. that is adapted tc turn said shaft and the arms thereon to control the flow of said resistance coil.

5. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having spray nozzles therein, said nozzles having a passageway for liquid fuel therein, a heating element located in said passageway for heating the liquid fuel therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current to said heating element in said spray nozzles, said rheostat comprising a body, a resistance coil on said body, a shaft passing through said body, an arm fastened to said shaft having a stop on one side thereof, a second arm on said shaft that is freely rotatable thereon that is adapted to make contact with said resistance coil at one end thereof, a spring fastened to the other end of said last-named arm, said spring being adapted to cause said freely rotatable arm to normally engage the stop on said first named arm and move with said first named arm, a thermostat on the other end of said shaft, that is adapted to turn said shaft and the arms thereon to control the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil, means for operating said freely rotatable arm independently of said first named arm.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of an exhaust manifold, a carburetor, a heating chamber on said exhaust manifold having an opening at one end thereof, a valve on said heating chamber for controlling the size of said opening, a fuel line, a part of said fuel line being located in said heating chamber whereby the fuel contained therein is heated as it passes to the carburetor.

'7. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having a spray nozzle therein, said nozzle consisting of a single tube through which the liquid fuel passes, a coil of resistance wire placed inside of said tube and submerged in the liquid making direct contact with and heating the fuel therein, insulation interposed between the outside of said coil of wire and the inside of said tube.

8. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having a spray nozzle therein, said nozzle consisting of a single tube through which the liquid fuel passes, a coil of resistance wire placed inside of said tube and submerged in the liquid fuel in the tube and making direct contact with and heating the fuel therein, insulation interposed between the outside of said coil of wire and the inside of said tube, means for controlling the supply ofv electric current to said coil of wire.

9. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically heated spray nozzle therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current to said electrically heated spray nozzle, said rheostat comprising a body, a resistance coil on said body, an arm on said body adapted to engage said resistance coil, a link connected to the other end of said arm, a rod engaging said link, said rod being adapted to move said link to cause said arm to rock and vary the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil.

10. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically heated spray nozelectrical current through zle therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current to said electrically heated spray body, a resistance coil said body adapted to engage a pin tng said arm to nozzle, said rheostat comprising a on said body, an arm on said resistance coil, for normally causa link connected on said body, a spring engage said pin,

to the other end of said arm, said link having an eye at the other end thereof, a rod passing through said eye, a collar on said rod, said collar being adjustable up and down on said rod, said collar being adapted to move said link at a predetermined time upon the downward movement of said rod, causing said arm to rock away from said pin and vary the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil.

11. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically heated spray nozzle therein, a rheostat adapted to control the fiow ofelectrical current to said electrically heated spray nozzle, said rheostat comprising a body, a resistance coil on said body, a shaft passing through said body, an arm on said shaft making contact with said resistance coil, a thermostat at the other end of said shaft adapted to turn said shaft and said arm to vary the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil, means for manually operating said arm independently of said thermostat.

12. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically heated spray nozzle therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current to said electrically heated spray nozzle, said rheostat comprising a body, a resistance coil on said body, a shaft passing through said body, an arm passing through said shaft having a stop on one side thereof, a second arm on said shaft freely rotatable thereon making contact with said resistance coil at one end thereof, a spring fastened to the other end of said second named arm, said spring causing said freely rotatable arm to normally engage the stop on said first named arm and move with said first named arm, a thermostat on the other end of said shaft adapted to turn said shaft and the arms thereon to control the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil, a link on said second named arm, a rod engaging said link, said rod being adapted to move said link to cause said second named arm to rock and control the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil independently of the operation of said thermostat.

13. A carburetor, for an internal combustion engine, having an electrically heated spray nozzle therein, a rheostat adapted to control the flow of electrical current to said electrically heated spray nozzle, said rheostat comprising a body, a resistance coil on said body, a shaft passing through said body, having a stop on one side thereof, a second arm on said shaft freely rotatable thereon making contact with said resistance coil at one end thereof, a spring fastened to the other end of said second named arm, said spring causing said freely rotatable arm to normally engage the stop on said first named arm and move with said first named arm, a-thermostat on the other end of said shaft adapted to turn said shaft and the arms thereon to control the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil, 9. link on said second named arm, said link having an eye at the other end thereof, a rod passing through said eye, a collar on said rod, said collar being adjustable up and down on said rod, said collar being adapted to move said link at a predetermined time upon the downward movement of said rod, causing said second named arm to rock and vary the flow of electrical current through said resistance coil independently of the operation of said thermostat.

' CORNELIUS F. HOYT.

an arm passing through said shaft 

